Participation

Since the beginning of the survey, 771 Black caregivers have participated in RAPID.

These analyses are based on responses collected from 8867 caregivers between the dates of April 06, 2020 and December 03, 2020. These caregivers represent a range of voices: 8.70% are Black/African American, 16.61% are LatinX, and 29.25% live at or below 1.5 times the federal poverty line. Proportions/percentages are calculated based on the item-level response rates, not out of the total sample size. The data for these analyses are not weighted.

Demographics

Age

Income

Income is presented in thousands of dollars per year.

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
income.cat statistic p.value
< 20k 106.91 < .001
20k-40k 5.38 .081
40k-60k 0.79 .750
60k-80k 4.83 .084
80k-100k 19.38 < .001
100k-150k 14.73 .001
150k-200k 6.76 .047
200k+ 0.16 .750

Poverty

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
poverty_cat statistic p.value
Above 1.5 x FPL 55.96 < .001
Below 1.5 x FPL 55.96 < .001

Employment

Employment change

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
employment_change statistic p.value
Became Employed 4.57 .098
Became Unemployed 3.41 .129
Stable Employed 1.56 .212
Stable Other 43.26 < .001
Stable Unemployed 7.37 .027

Race

Ethnicity

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
latinx_cat statistic p.value
non-Latinx 45.78 < .001
Latinx 45.78 < .001

Single parent households

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
single_cat statistic p.value
Dual parent 234.89 < .001
Single parent 234.89 < .001

Mental health (raw scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.81 39 43.8 -4.87 < .001 905.28 -6.74 -2.87 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Black caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 < .001
work_status .241 .041
single .305 < .001
age .022 .049
income.cat .356 < .001
poverty_cat .275 .020

Figures (within sample)

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Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.39 34.61 41 -5.31 < .001 919.45 -8.75 -4.03 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-0.41 29.35 29.76 -0.37 .712 911.19 -2.61 1.78 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.54 50.07 55.61 -4.28 < .001 894.85 -8.09 -3 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.75 42.31 49.06 -6.05 < .001 897.87 -8.94 -4.56 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.95 34.64 39.58 -4.61 < .001 924.59 -7.06 -2.84 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.61 45.56 52.17 -5.09 < .001 913.84 -9.16 -4.06 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.26 23.69 26.96 -2.66 .008 928.81 -5.68 -0.85 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Mental health (change scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.44 8.36 11.8 -4.25 < .001 894.97 -5.03 -1.85 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Black caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 < .001
work_status .304 .041
single .297 < .001
age .257 .049
income.cat .485 < .001
poverty_cat .122 .020

Figures (within sample)

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Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.67 6.94 10.61 -3.38 .001 898.13 -5.8 -1.53 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.64 6.7 9.33 -2.82 .005 895.31 -4.47 -0.8 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.54 13.07 15.62 -2.03 .043 879.46 -5 -0.09 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.54 13.07 15.62 -2.03 .043 879.46 -5 -0.09 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.78 7.5 10.28 -2.85 .004 905.84 -4.7 -0.87 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.12 8.36 12.47 -3.33 .001 904.92 -6.54 -1.69 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-1.65 6.42 8.07 -1.44 .150 893.8 -3.9 0.6 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Material hardship

Overall

Types of hardship

t-tests comparing hardship across groups. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction.
category difference statistic p.value df
food 0.1235569 5.3278026 < .001 549.0720
house 0.1182512 5.1030828 < .001 553.5537
utilities 0.1312745 5.8074938 < .001 617.1235
healthcare 0.0266880 1.2724448 .204 407.9347
social 0.0188020 0.9815271 .327 386.7459
emotional 0.0469881 2.2654230 .024 400.0779
childcare 0.1061234 4.7588817 < .001 426.4452
other 0.0325346 2.1003113 .036 349.4849

By Week

Childcare

On average

Type of childcare (average)

Type of childcare (over time)

By week

Discrimination

Concerns for children (average)

Concerns for children (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and concerns for children is significantly different for Black caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and concerns for children is significantly different for Black caregivers

Discrimination (average)

Discrimination (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and discrimination for children is significantly different for Black caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Black caregivers