Participation

Since the beginning of the survey, 2,594 Low Income caregivers have participated in RAPID.

These analyses are based on responses collected from 8867 caregivers between the dates of April 06, 2020 and December 03, 2020. These caregivers represent a range of voices: 8.70% are Black/African American, 16.61% are LatinX, and 29.25% live at or below 1.5 times the federal poverty line. Proportions/percentages are calculated based on the item-level response rates, not out of the total sample size. The data for these analyses are not weighted.

Demographics

Age

Income

Income is presented in thousands of dollars per year.

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
income.cat statistic p.value
< 20k 1142.65 < .001
20k-40k 1259.61 < .001
40k-60k 65.86 < .001
60k-80k 315.39 < .001
80k-100k 215.37 < .001
100k-150k 343.28 < .001
150k-200k 132.46 < .001
200k+ 120.95 < .001

Poverty

Employment

Employment change

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
employment_change statistic p.value
Became Employed 3.90 .048
Became Unemployed 15.87 < .001
Stable Employed 417.66 < .001
Stable Other 91.55 < .001
Stable Unemployed 183.54 < .001

Race

Ethnicity

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
latinx_cat statistic p.value
non-Latinx 41.37 < .001
Latinx 41.37 < .001

Single parent households

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
single_cat statistic p.value
Dual parent 480.89 < .001
Single parent 480.89 < .001

Mental health (raw scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.69 41.45 48.14 -10.95 < .001 4791.1 -7.88 -5.49 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Low Income caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .405
work_status < .001 < .001
single .006 < .001
age .003 .435
race_ethnic < .001 .235

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

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Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.8 38.92 44.71 -7.54 < .001 4947.21 -7.3 -4.29 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-8.95 26.87 35.82 -12.54 < .001 4672.34 -10.35 -7.55 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.64 53.42 60.06 -8.44 < .001 5004.66 -8.18 -5.1 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.2 46.9 52.09 -7.67 < .001 4803.17 -6.52 -3.87 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.82 37.58 42.41 -6.9 < .001 4955.01 -6.19 -3.45 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.43 49.88 55.32 -6.63 < .001 5104.54 -7.04 -3.83 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.14 25.28 29.42 -5.04 < .001 4818.28 -5.75 -2.53 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Mental health (change scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.07 12.43 10.35 4.36 < .001 5163.83 1.14 3.01 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Low Income caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .405
work_status < .001 < .001
single .218 < .001
age .286 .435
race_ethnic .001 .235

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

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## [[2]]$work_status

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## [[3]]$race_ethnic

Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.42 11.37 8.95 3.8 < .001 5398.48 1.17 3.66 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.67 9.91 8.23 3 .003 5074.56 0.58 2.77 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.46 16.38 13.91 3.38 .001 5158.29 1.04 3.89 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.46 16.38 13.91 3.38 .001 5158.29 1.04 3.89 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.61 10.37 9.75 1.01 .312 5028.89 -0.58 1.8 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.95 12.64 11.69 1.24 .214 5092.63 -0.55 2.46 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.47 8.12 7.65 0.68 .496 5143.68 -0.89 1.83 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Material hardship

Overall

Types of hardship

t-tests comparing hardship across groups. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction.
category difference statistic p.value df
food -0.3442217 -22.295784 < .001 1779.2983
house -0.3586010 -23.588231 < .001 1871.4689
utilities -0.4114764 -29.235298 < .001 2405.4527
healthcare -0.1467230 -9.018121 < .001 1054.4125
social -0.2329002 -14.504849 < .001 994.7908
emotional -0.2477472 -15.329524 < .001 1032.3626
childcare -0.1757564 -10.837505 < .001 1035.5414
other -0.1159012 -8.650338 < .001 781.2407

By Week

Childcare

On average

Type of childcare (average)

Type of childcare (over time)

By week

Discrimination

Concerns for children (average)

Concerns for children (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Discrimination (average)

Discrimination (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers