Participation

Since the beginning of the survey, 1,199 Single caregivers have participated in RAPID.

These analyses are based on responses collected from 8867 caregivers between the dates of April 06, 2020 and December 03, 2020. These caregivers represent a range of voices: 8.70% are Black/African American, 16.61% are LatinX, and 29.25% live at or below 1.5 times the federal poverty line. Proportions/percentages are calculated based on the item-level response rates, not out of the total sample size. The data for these analyses are not weighted.

Demographics

Age

Income

Income is presented in thousands of dollars per year.

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
income.cat statistic p.value
< 20k 550.27 < .001
20k-40k 57.65 < .001
40k-60k 5.68 .017
60k-80k 38.28 < .001
80k-100k 48.25 < .001
100k-150k 101.42 < .001
150k-200k 39.00 < .001
200k+ 18.90 < .001

Poverty

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
poverty_cat statistic p.value
Above 1.5 x FPL 480.89 < .001
Below 1.5 x FPL 480.89 < .001

Employment

Employment change

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
employment_change statistic p.value
Became Employed 0.02 > .999
Became Unemployed 8.55 .014
Stable Employed 0.08 > .999
Stable Other 20.93 < .001
Stable Unemployed 4.14 .126

Race

Ethnicity

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
latinx_cat statistic p.value
non-Latinx 0.25 > .999
Latinx 0.25 > .999

Single parent households

Mental health (raw scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.68 42.6 48.28 -6.99 < .001 1542.45 -7.28 -4.09 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

effect group term estimate std.error statistic p.value
fixed (Intercept) 42.48 0.30 139.44 < .001
fixed SP1 0.86 0.02 45.47 < .001
fixed group_fSingle 7.00 0.83 8.39 < .001
fixed SP2 -0.07 0.02 -3.40 .001
fixed SP1:group_fSingle 0.07 0.06 1.25 .212
fixed group_fSingle:SP2 -0.06 0.07 -0.97 .334
ran_pars CaregiverID sd__(Intercept) 17.92
ran_pars Residual sd__Observation 13.94

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Single caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .214
work_status .001 < .001
age .177 .102
race_ethnic < .001 .276
income.cat .441 .955
poverty_cat .063 < .001

Figures (within sample)

## [[1]]
## [[1]]$material_hardship

## 
## 
## [[2]]
## [[2]]$work_status

## 
## 
## [[3]]
## [[3]]$race_ethnic

Figures (between sample)

## [[1]]

## 
## [[2]]

Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.02 40.02 43.04 -2.98 .003 1559.47 -5.01 -1.03 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.47 28.81 35.28 -6.88 < .001 1543.33 -8.31 -4.62 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.96 54.44 59.41 -4.81 < .001 1575.37 -6.99 -2.94 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-8.17 47.34 55.51 -9.01 < .001 1533.25 -9.95 -6.39 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

## [1] "### Text-based (average)"

Text-based (average)

## [1] "### Text-based (Over time)"

Text-based (Over time)

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.18 38.46 43.64 -5.47 < .001 1526.62 -7.04 -3.33 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.1 51.03 55.13 -3.76 < .001 1552.66 -6.24 -1.96 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.28 25.84 32.12 -5.68 < .001 1512.01 -8.45 -4.11 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Mental health (change scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.11 11.65 10.54 1.71 .087 1535.62 -0.16 2.39 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

effect group term estimate std.error statistic p.value
fixed (Intercept) 15.85 0.24 65.69 < .001
fixed SP1 0.86 0.02 48.68 < .001
fixed group_fSingle 0.85 0.69 1.23 .217
fixed SP2 -0.08 0.02 -4.04 < .001
fixed SP1:group_fSingle 0.08 0.05 1.46 .143
fixed group_fSingle:SP2 -0.12 0.06 -2.03 .042
ran_pars CaregiverID sd__(Intercept) 10.77
ran_pars Residual sd__Observation 13.54

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Single caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship .001 .214
work_status .009 < .001
age .443 .102
race_ethnic < .001 .276
income.cat .127 .955
poverty_cat .001 < .001

Figures (within sample)

## [[1]]
## [[1]]$material_hardship

## 
## 
## [[2]]
## [[2]]$work_status

## 
## 
## [[3]]
## [[3]]$race_ethnic

## 
## 
## [[4]]
## [[4]]$poverty_cat

Figures (between sample)

## [[1]]

## 
## [[2]]

Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.76 10.67 7.9 3.22 .001 1562.57 1.08 4.45 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.08 9.23 8.15 1.45 .147 1548.16 -0.38 2.55 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.85 15.52 14.67 0.88 .380 1555.33 -1.05 2.75 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.85 15.52 14.67 0.88 .380 1555.33 -1.05 2.75 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-1.37 9.88 11.25 -1.67 .095 1527.8 -2.99 0.24 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-0.28 12.11 12.38 -0.28 .781 1566.08 -2.23 1.68 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.38 7.62 10 -2.57 .010 1534.41 -4.19 -0.57 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Material hardship

Overall

Types of hardship

t-tests comparing hardship across groups. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction.
category difference statistic p.value df
food -0.2013982 -9.700662 < .001 759.3672
house -0.2302961 -11.353759 < .001 815.9825
utilities -0.2494580 -12.992543 < .001 953.0145
healthcare -0.0838685 -4.095615 < .001 520.7362
social -0.1566611 -7.562692 < .001 520.4789
emotional -0.1591413 -7.602587 < .001 536.0383
childcare -0.2065789 -9.741286 < .001 574.4844
other -0.0946543 -5.476688 < .001 430.4201

By Week

## [1] "## Chain Reaction{.tabset}"

Chain Reaction

mediation model within group
term estimate std.error p.value
acme_0 7.206 0.866 0
acme_1 7.206 0.866 0
ade_0 6.141 1.688 0
ade_1 6.141 1.688 0 
## 
##  Test of ACME(covariates.1) - ACME(covariates.2) = 0
## 
## data:  estimates from Mod.Med_test
## ACME(covariates.1) - ACME(covariates.2) = -0.81736, p-value = 0.4
## alternative hypothesis: true ACME(covariates.1) - ACME(covariates.2) is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -2.5897936  0.9189571
## 
## 
##  Test of ADE(covariates.1) - ADE(covariates.2) = 0
## 
## data:  estimates from Mod.Med_test
## ADE(covariates.1) - ADE(covariates.2) = -1.8626, p-value = 0.26
## alternative hypothesis: true ADE(covariates.1) - ADE(covariates.2) is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -4.400706  1.422254

Correlations

Within r params$grp.name caregivers

Childcare

On average

Type of childcare (average)

Type of childcare (over time)

By week

Discrimination

Concerns for children (average)

Concerns for children (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Single caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Single caregivers

Discrimination (average)

Discrimination (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Single caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Single caregivers