Representativeness disclaimer

These analyses are based on responses collected from 8867 caregivers between the dates of April 06, 2020 and December 03, 2020. These caregivers represent a range of voices: 8.70% are Black/African American, 16.61% are LatinX, and 29.25% live at or below 1.5 times the federal poverty line. Proportions/percentages are calculated based on the item-level response rates, not out of the total sample size. The data for these analyses are not weighted.

Information about mediators

Black families are less likely to report that the feel they have less support during COVID, and more likely to report that their employment has decreased, that they’re worried they might lose their jobs if they take sick leave, and that they have difficulty paying for basics.

Caregivers of children with disabilities are more likley to report that their employment has decreased, that they’re worried they might lose their jobs if they take sick leave, and that they have difficulty paying for basics.

Descriptives

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: 1
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min   max range   se
## Week                    1 546  1.00  0.00    1   1.0     0 0.00
## insurance               2 545  0.90  0.30    0   1.0     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 545  0.88  0.33    0   1.0     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 528  0.40  0.49    0   1.0     1 0.02
## lost_free_lunch         5 546  0.11  0.31    0   1.0     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 479  0.40  0.49    0   1.0     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 414  0.21  0.41    0   1.0     1 0.02
## income_decreaed         8 545  0.49  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 546  0.21  0.41    0   1.0     1 0.02
## anxiety                10 546 43.38 33.14    0 100.0   100 1.42
## conflict_child         11 546  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 546  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 546  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.3   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 543 29.93 29.55    0 100.0   100 1.27
## fear                   15 524 25.95 33.22    0 100.0   100 1.45
## fussy                  16 538 53.44 36.00    0 100.0   100 1.55
## lonely                 17 543 43.32 30.68    0 100.0   100 1.32
## stress                 18 546 57.97 33.40    0 100.0   100 1.43
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 2
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min   max range   se
## Week                    1 658  2.00  0.00    2   2.0     0 0.00
## insurance               2 657  0.90  0.30    0   1.0     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 656  0.88  0.32    0   1.0     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 506  0.46  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.02
## lost_free_lunch         5 658  0.09  0.29    0   1.0     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 565  0.38  0.49    0   1.0     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 498  0.22  0.41    0   1.0     1 0.02
## income_decreaed         8 658  0.46  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 658  0.17  0.38    0   1.0     1 0.01
## anxiety                10 658 40.65 31.48    0 100.0   100 1.23
## conflict_child         11 658  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 658  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 658  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.5   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 657 30.67 28.78    0 100.0   100 1.12
## fear                   15 637 24.33 33.12    0 100.0   100 1.31
## fussy                  16 648 49.15 35.32    0 100.0   100 1.39
## lonely                 17 657 42.31 29.48    0 100.0   100 1.15
## stress                 18 658 54.29 32.55    0 100.0   100 1.27
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 3
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min    max range   se
## Week                    1 599  3.00  0.00    3   3.00     0 0.00
## insurance               2 598  0.91  0.28    0   1.00     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 597  0.91  0.28    0   1.00     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 408  0.45  0.50    0   1.00     1 0.02
## lost_free_lunch         5 599  0.08  0.26    0   1.00     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 523  0.37  0.48    0   1.00     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 460  0.16  0.37    0   1.00     1 0.02
## income_decreaed         8 598  0.46  0.50    0   1.00     1 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 599  0.15  0.36    0   1.00     1 0.01
## anxiety                10 599 38.54 30.05    0 100.00   100 1.23
## conflict_child         11 599  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.71   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 599  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.00   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 599  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.50   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 599 30.19 29.52    0 100.00   100 1.21
## fear                   15 595 24.79 33.51    0 100.00   100 1.37
## fussy                  16 597 50.25 35.30    0 100.00   100 1.44
## lonely                 17 599 43.24 29.31    0 100.00   100 1.20
## stress                 18 599 53.59 32.55    0 100.00   100 1.33
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 4
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min   max range   se
## Week                    1 526  4.00  0.00    4   4.0     0 0.00
## insurance               2 525  0.93  0.25    0   1.0     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 524  0.92  0.27    0   1.0     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 292  0.38  0.49    0   1.0     1 0.03
## lost_free_lunch         5 526  0.05  0.22    0   1.0     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 449  0.35  0.48    0   1.0     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 383  0.16  0.37    0   1.0     1 0.02
## income_decreaed         8 525  0.43  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 526  0.11  0.31    0   1.0     1 0.01
## anxiety                10 526 37.71 30.38    0 100.0   100 1.32
## conflict_child         11 526  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 526  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 526  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.5   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 524 29.29 28.86    0 100.0   100 1.26
## fear                   15 525 23.05 31.84    0 100.0   100 1.39
## fussy                  16 525 50.57 35.22    0 100.0   100 1.54
## lonely                 17 526 42.87 28.35    0 100.0   100 1.24
## stress                 18 526 51.81 32.35    0 100.0   100 1.41
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 5
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min   max range   se
## Week                    1 536  5.00  0.00    5   5.0     0 0.00
## insurance               2 536  0.95  0.21    0   1.0     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 536  0.95  0.22    0   1.0     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 334  0.54  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.03
## lost_free_lunch         5 536  0.06  0.24    0   1.0     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 464  0.36  0.48    0   1.0     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 384  0.13  0.34    0   1.0     1 0.02
## income_decreaed         8 533  0.43  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 536  0.09  0.29    0   1.0     1 0.01
## anxiety                10 536 37.50 30.39    0 100.0   100 1.31
## conflict_child         11 536  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 536  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 536  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.5   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 536 26.43 26.51    0 100.0   100 1.15
## fear                   15 535 26.82 33.59    0 100.0   100 1.45
## fussy                  16 535 56.64 34.05    0 100.0   100 1.47
## lonely                 17 536 47.01 27.35    0 100.0   100 1.18
## stress                 18 536 52.85 32.86    0 100.0   100 1.42
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 6
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min   max range   se
## Week                    1 649  6.00  0.00    6   6.0     0 0.00
## insurance               2 647  0.94  0.24    0   1.0     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 648  0.95  0.23    0   1.0     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 264  0.48  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.03
## lost_free_lunch         5 649  0.04  0.19    0   1.0     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 547  0.33  0.47    0   1.0     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 450  0.16  0.36    0   1.0     1 0.02
## income_decreaed         8 649  0.41  0.49    0   1.0     1 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 649  0.10  0.30    0   1.0     1 0.01
## anxiety                10 649 37.57 30.20    0 100.0   100 1.19
## conflict_child         11 649  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 649  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 649  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.6   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 649 29.66 29.19    0 100.0   100 1.15
## fear                   15 644 26.09 33.96    0 100.0   100 1.34
## fussy                  16 645 53.88 35.14    0 100.0   100 1.38
## lonely                 17 649 45.65 27.24    0 100.0   100 1.07
## stress                 18 649 53.78 32.23    0 100.0   100 1.27
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 7
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min   max range   se
## Week                    1 792  7.00  0.00    7   7.0     0 0.00
## insurance               2 792  0.94  0.25    0   1.0     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 791  0.96  0.19    0   1.0     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 280  0.48  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.03
## lost_free_lunch         5 792  0.03  0.17    0   1.0     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 667  0.34  0.48    0   1.0     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 579  0.15  0.36    0   1.0     1 0.01
## income_decreaed         8 792  0.39  0.49    0   1.0     1 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 792  0.12  0.32    0   1.0     1 0.01
## anxiety                10 792 37.88 30.47    0 100.0   100 1.08
## conflict_child         11 792  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 792  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 792  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.6   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 792 28.49 27.41    0 100.0   100 0.97
## fear                   15 792 25.57 32.58    0 100.0   100 1.16
## fussy                  16 792 51.58 33.55    0 100.0   100 1.19
## lonely                 17 792 44.19 27.16    0 100.0   100 0.96
## stress                 18 792 53.66 31.49    0 100.0   100 1.12
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 8
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min   max range   se
## Week                    1 893  8.00  0.00    8   8.0     0 0.00
## insurance               2 888  0.94  0.24    0   1.0     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 889  0.95  0.21    0   1.0     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 261  0.48  0.50    0   1.0     1 0.03
## lost_free_lunch         5 893  0.03  0.17    0   1.0     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 749  0.37  0.48    0   1.0     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 618  0.18  0.39    0   1.0     1 0.02
## income_decreaed         8 893  0.42  0.49    0   1.0     1 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 893  0.13  0.33    0   1.0     1 0.01
## anxiety                10 893 35.65 29.31    0 100.0   100 0.98
## conflict_child         11 893  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 893  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 893  -Inf   NaN -Inf   4.6   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 893 27.06 26.82    0 100.0   100 0.90
## fear                   15 892 24.89 31.83    0 100.0   100 1.07
## fussy                  16 892 50.62 33.70    0 100.0   100 1.13
## lonely                 17 893 44.37 27.09    0 100.0   100 0.91
## stress                 18 893 51.71 31.49    0 100.0   100 1.05
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 9
##                      vars    n  mean    sd  min   max range   se
## Week                    1 1035  9.00  0.00    9   9.0   0.0 0.00
## insurance               2 1035  0.94  0.25    0   1.0   1.0 0.01
## child_insurance         3 1034  0.96  0.20    0   1.0   1.0 0.01
## support_decrease        4  310  0.39  0.49    0   1.0   1.0 0.03
## lost_free_lunch         5 1035  0.04  0.19    0   1.0   1.0 0.01
## employment_decreased    6  881  0.37  0.48    0   1.0   1.0 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7  725  0.17  0.38    0   1.0   1.0 0.01
## income_decreaed         8 1032  0.42  0.49    0   1.0   1.0 0.02
## difficulty_basics       9 1035  0.12  0.33    0   1.0   1.0 0.01
## anxiety                10 1035 40.72 31.37    0 100.0 100.0 0.98
## conflict_child         11 1035  1.68  1.08    0   5.0   5.0 0.03
## conflict_parent        12 1035  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5.0   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 1035  1.51  0.95    0   4.6   4.6 0.03
## depress                14 1035 27.57 27.53    0 100.0 100.0 0.86
## fear                   15 1034 23.69 32.03    0 100.0 100.0 1.00
## fussy                  16 1034 53.43 33.22    0 100.0 100.0 1.03
## lonely                 17 1035 45.51 26.37    0 100.0 100.0 0.82
## stress                 18 1035 53.45 32.61    0 100.0 100.0 1.01
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
## group: 10
##                      vars   n  mean    sd  min max range   se
## Week                    1 976 10.00  0.00   10  10     0 0.00
## insurance               2 976  0.94  0.24    0   1     1 0.01
## child_insurance         3 976  0.95  0.23    0   1     1 0.01
## support_decrease        4 241  0.39  0.49    0   1     1 0.03
## lost_free_lunch         5 976  0.03  0.16    0   1     1 0.01
## employment_decreased    6 850  0.38  0.48    0   1     1 0.02
## losejob_sickleave       7 697  0.22  0.41    0   1     1 0.02
## income_decreaed         8 970  0.14  0.35    0   1     1 0.01
## difficulty_basics       9 976  0.14  0.34    0   1     1 0.01
## anxiety                10 976 36.68 30.13    0 100   100 0.96
## conflict_child         11 976  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5   Inf  NaN
## conflict_parent        12 976  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5   Inf  NaN
## conflict_total         13 976  -Inf   NaN -Inf   5   Inf  NaN
## depress                14 976 27.00 27.62    0 100   100 0.88
## fear                   15 976 24.80 31.86    0 100   100 1.02
## fussy                  16 976 51.69 32.81    0 100   100 1.05
## lonely                 17 975 44.82 27.64    0 100   100 0.89
## stress                 18 976 51.36 32.64    0 100   100 1.04

Spline models

Spline models are fit with nodes at Week 6; Week 7 is the week ending on May 25th, 2020.

Anxiety

Overall

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	(Intercept)	38.94	0.72	54.25	0.00
fixed	SL1	-1.08	0.21	-5.13	0.00
fixed	SL2	-0.32	0.21	-1.52	0.13

Black/African American

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	black1	-3.22	1.53	-2.10	0.04
fixed	SL1:black1	-0.04	0.43	-0.10	0.92
fixed	black1:SL2	0.53	0.49	1.08	0.28

Can we explain this difference?

mediator	Change in SL1	Change in SL2	Mediator effect on SL1	Mediator effect on SL2	New significance of SL1	New significance of SL2	Proportion change in SL1	Proportion change in SL2
difficulty_basics	-0.01	0.12	1.03	-0.05	0.900	0.181	0.22	0.23
employment_decreased	0.10	0.12	-0.79	0.42	0.900	0.215	-2.31	0.22
losejob_sickleave	0.14	-0.06	-0.45	-0.84	0.849	0.393	-3.06	-0.11
support_decrease	-0.10	-0.14	-0.13	0.65	0.828	0.691	2.37	-0.27

LatinX

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	latinx1	0.50	0.95	0.52	0.60
fixed	SL1:latinx1	-0.13	0.29	-0.46	0.64
fixed	latinx1:SL2	-0.16	0.29	-0.56	0.58

Poverty

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	poverty1501	1.21	0.89	1.37	0.17
fixed	SL1:poverty1501	-0.05	0.25	-0.18	0.86
fixed	poverty1501:SL2	0.28	0.27	1.05	0.29

Single Parents

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	single1	1.65	1.11	1.49	0.14
fixed	SL1:single1	0.63	0.31	2.05	0.04
fixed	single1:SL2	0.07	0.35	0.18	0.85

Children with disabilites

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	disability1	-7.40	2.22	-3.34	0.00
fixed	SL1:disability1	0.43	0.63	0.68	0.50
fixed	disability1:SL2	0.07	0.65	0.11	0.91

Can we explain this difference?

mediator	Change in SL1	Change in SL2	Mediator effect on SL1	Mediator effect on SL2	New significance of SL1	New significance of SL2	Proportion change in SL1	Proportion change in SL2
difficulty_basics	-0.04	-0.08	1.26	0.00	0.537	0.993	-0.09	-1.07
employment_decreased	0.16	0.12	-0.65	0.48	0.406	0.785	0.37	1.65
losejob_sickleave	0.43	-0.96	-0.32	-0.79	0.262	0.273	1.00	-12.90

3+ Children

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	child31	1.43	0.90	1.58	0.11
fixed	SL1:child31	0.52	0.26	1.98	0.05
fixed	child31:SL2	-0.01	0.27	-0.05	0.96

Depression

Overall

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	(Intercept)	30.65	0.65	47.15	0.00
fixed	SL1	-0.15	0.19	-0.81	0.42
fixed	SL2	-0.79	0.19	-4.21	0.00

Black/African American

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	black1	-1.87	1.38	-1.35	0.18
fixed	SL1:black1	-0.52	0.39	-1.34	0.18
fixed	black1:SL2	0.54	0.44	1.24	0.21

Can we explain this difference?

mediator	Change in SL1	Change in SL2	Mediator effect on SL1	Mediator effect on SL2	New significance of SL1	New significance of SL2	Proportion change in SL1	Proportion change in SL2
difficulty_basics	0.09	0.10	-0.13	-0.15	0.256	0.139	-0.16	0.18
employment_decreased	0.03	0.01	-0.69	0.07	0.235	0.237	-0.06	0.01
losejob_sickleave	-0.10	0.16	-1.54	0.01	0.149	0.157	0.19	0.29
support_decrease	0.04	-0.28	-0.13	-0.24	0.451	0.767	-0.08	-0.51

LatinX

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	latinx1	0.72	0.86	0.84	0.40
fixed	SL1:latinx1	-0.12	0.25	-0.47	0.64
fixed	latinx1:SL2	0.29	0.26	1.15	0.25

Poverty

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	poverty1501	3.87	0.80	4.83	0.00
fixed	SL1:poverty1501	-0.23	0.23	-1.04	0.30
fixed	poverty1501:SL2	0.17	0.24	0.73	0.46

Single Parents

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	single1	2.29	1.00	2.29	0.02
fixed	SL1:single1	0.31	0.27	1.13	0.26
fixed	single1:SL2	0.15	0.31	0.47	0.64

Children with disabilites

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	disability1	-7.97	2.00	-3.98	0.00
fixed	SL1:disability1	1.20	0.57	2.12	0.03
fixed	disability1:SL2	-0.44	0.58	-0.76	0.45

Can we explain this difference?

mediator	Change in SL1	Change in SL2	Mediator effect on SL1	Mediator effect on SL2	New significance of SL1	New significance of SL2	Proportion change in SL1	Proportion change in SL2
difficulty_basics	-0.23	-0.07	0.14	-0.11	0.087	0.375	-0.19	0.17
employment_decreased	0.09	0.10	-0.63	0.10	0.042	0.602	0.08	-0.23
losejob_sickleave	0.56	-0.70	-1.41	0.07	0.010	0.116	0.47	1.59

3+ Children

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	child31	1.94	0.81	2.38	0.02
fixed	SL1:child31	0.23	0.23	0.99	0.32
fixed	child31:SL2	0.12	0.24	0.51	0.61

Stress

Overall

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic
fixed	(Intercept)	54.52	0.76	71.29
fixed	SL1	-0.83	0.23	-3.58
fixed	SL2	-0.81	0.24	-3.46

Black/African American

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	black1	-2.41	1.65	-1.46	0.14
fixed	SL1:black1	-0.09	0.47	-0.20	0.84
fixed	black1:SL2	0.22	0.54	0.41	0.68

Differences in stress at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
0.09	55.17	58.23	-0.64	0.526	70.14	-12.62	6.5

Differences in stress at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
0.15	46.88	51.67	-1.08	0.282	71.15	-13.63	4.03

Can we explain this difference?

mediator	Change in SL1	Change in SL2	Mediator effect on SL1	Mediator effect on SL2	New significance of SL1	New significance of SL2	Proportion change in SL1	Proportion change in SL2
difficulty_basics	0.02	0.10	0.11	0.99	0.881	0.544	-0.25	0.47
employment_decreased	0.44	-0.06	-1.29	1.22	0.486	0.774	-4.75	-0.25
losejob_sickleave	0.23	0.12	-1.29	1.14	0.794	0.583	-2.46	0.52
support_decrease	-0.08	0.24	0.19	-0.01	0.799	0.642	0.89	1.07

LatinX

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	latinx1	1.65	1.02	1.62	0.11
fixed	SL1:latinx1	0.12	0.31	0.39	0.70
fixed	latinx1:SL2	-0.03	0.32	-0.08	0.93

Differences in stress at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.13	61.65	57.18	1.14	0.257	122.99	-3.3	12.23

Differences in stress at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.08	53.36	50.82	0.92	0.357	268.7	-2.88	7.95

Poverty

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	poverty1501	1.61	0.95	1.71	0.09
fixed	SL1:poverty1501	-0.41	0.28	-1.49	0.14
fixed	poverty1501:SL2	0.14	0.30	0.47	0.64

Differences in stress at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.11	59.68	56.07	1.06	0.292	305.16	-3.12	10.32

Differences in stress at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.2	56.73	50.16	2.39	0.017	329.94	1.16	11.97

Single Parents

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	single1	0.69	1.19	0.58	0.56
fixed	SL1:single1	-0.07	0.33	-0.22	0.82
fixed	single1:SL2	0.44	0.39	1.11	0.27

Differences in stress at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
0.07	56.19	58.39	-0.6	0.55	155.22	-9.45	5.05

Differences in stress at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.2	57.08	50.66	1.92	0.057	132.09	-0.2	13.03

Children with disabilites

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	disability1	-7.02	2.36	-2.98	0.00
fixed	SL1:disability1	1.12	0.69	1.61	0.11
fixed	disability1:SL2	-0.37	0.73	-0.51	0.61

Differences in stress at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.4	69.05	55.87	3.41	0.001	117.52	5.54	20.83

Differences in stress at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.22	57.66	50.64	2.08	0.039	138.04	0.36	13.68

3+ Children

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	child31	2.87	0.96	2.98	0.00
fixed	SL1:child31	0.27	0.29	0.94	0.35
fixed	child31:SL2	-0.17	0.30	-0.58	0.56

Differences in stress at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.18	62.5	56.52	1.8	0.073	221.7	-0.57	12.53

Differences in stress at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.22	56.93	49.9	2.63	0.009	299.28	1.76	12.29

Loneliness

Overall

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	(Intercept)	45.83	0.63	72.35	0.00
fixed	SL1	-0.03	0.18	-0.16	0.87
fixed	SL2	-0.55	0.18	-3.11	0.00

Black/African American

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	black1	-4.28	1.34	-3.20	0.00
fixed	SL1:black1	-0.71	0.37	-1.91	0.06
fixed	black1:SL2	0.48	0.41	1.17	0.24

LatinX

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	latinx1	0.98	0.84	1.16	0.25
fixed	SL1:latinx1	0.40	0.24	1.63	0.10
fixed	latinx1:SL2	-0.08	0.24	-0.34	0.73

Poverty

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	poverty1501	3.06	0.78	3.92	0.00
fixed	SL1:poverty1501	-0.01	0.21	-0.03	0.98
fixed	poverty1501:SL2	-0.11	0.22	-0.50	0.62

Single Parents

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	single1	4.32	0.97	4.47	0.00
fixed	SL1:single1	0.04	0.26	0.15	0.88
fixed	single1:SL2	0.20	0.30	0.68	0.49

Children with disabilites

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	disability1	-3.51	1.96	-1.79	0.07
fixed	SL1:disability1	2.25	0.54	4.18	0.00
fixed	disability1:SL2	-0.17	0.54	-0.31	0.76

Can we explain this difference?

mediator	Change in SL1	Change in SL2	Mediator effect on SL1	Mediator effect on SL2	New significance of SL2	Proportion change in SL1	Proportion change in SL2
difficulty_basics	-0.03	-0.02	0.39	0.25	0.729	-0.01	0.12
employment_decreased	0.25	0.11	-0.27	0.26	0.919	0.11	-0.63
losejob_sickleave	1.06	-0.37	1.62	-0.39	0.439	0.47	2.20

3+ Children

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	child31	1.18	0.79	1.48	0.14
fixed	SL1:child31	0.14	0.22	0.65	0.52
fixed	child31:SL2	-0.35	0.23	-1.55	0.12

Child Externalizing

Overall

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	(Intercept)	52.70	0.82	64.22	0.00
fixed	SL1	-0.07	0.25	-0.28	0.78
fixed	SL2	-0.59	0.26	-2.29	0.02

Black/African American

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	black1	-7.18	1.77	-4.07	0.00
fixed	SL1:black1	-0.40	0.51	-0.78	0.43
fixed	black1:SL2	2.02	0.59	3.45	0.00

Differences in fussy at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
0.19	47.37	54.18	-1.31	0.193	68.97	-17.14	3.53

Differences in fussy at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
0.06	50	51.81	-0.41	0.685	71.18	-10.68	7.06

## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: fussy ~ black * SL1 + black * SL2 + stress * SL1 + stress * SL2 +      (1 | CaregiverID)
##    Data: emotion_g_sL
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 68609.6
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2269 -0.5192 -0.0302  0.5521  3.3808 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups      Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  CaregiverID (Intercept) 554.0    23.54   
##  Residual                504.9    22.47   
## Number of obs: 7172, groups:  CaregiverID, 3460
## 
## Fixed effects:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) 32.538723   2.020020  16.108
## black1      -6.403461   1.698739  -3.770
## SL1          0.483626   0.630650   0.767
## SL2          1.212813   0.691651   1.754
## stress       0.268135   0.021565  12.434
## black1:SL1  -0.370464   0.491049  -0.754
## black1:SL2   1.913824   0.572846   3.341
## SL1:stress  -0.012217   0.007484  -1.632
## SL2:stress   0.002955   0.007921   0.373
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##            (Intr) black1 SL1    SL2    stress b1:SL1 b1:SL2 SL1:st
## black1      0.723                                                 
## SL1         0.754  0.533                                          
## SL2        -0.745 -0.547 -0.611                                   
## stress     -0.542  0.040 -0.431  0.423                            
## black1:SL1  0.577  0.789  0.653 -0.468  0.031                     
## black1:SL2 -0.557 -0.756 -0.440  0.717 -0.036 -0.649              
## SL1:stress -0.397  0.028 -0.627  0.329  0.722  0.034 -0.025       
## SL2:stress  0.381 -0.035  0.330 -0.561 -0.735 -0.029  0.044 -0.564

LatinX

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	latinx1	1.36	1.10	1.24	0.22
fixed	SL1:latinx1	-0.28	0.34	-0.82	0.41
fixed	latinx1:SL2	-0.19	0.35	-0.54	0.59

Differences in fussy at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.19	58.52	51.81	1.58	0.117	122.62	-1.71	15.12

Differences in fussy at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
0.05	50.27	52.03	-0.62	0.533	263.89	-7.3	3.79

Poverty

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	poverty1501	0.72	1.02	0.70	0.48
fixed	SL1:poverty1501	-0.30	0.30	-0.99	0.32
fixed	poverty1501:SL2	0.90	0.32	2.79	0.01

Differences in fussy at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.06	53.95	51.94	0.56	0.574	316.08	-5.03	9.05

Differences in fussy at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.17	56.49	50.82	2.1	0.037	347.54	0.35	10.99

## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: fussy ~ poverty150 * SL1 + poverty150 * SL2 + stress * SL1 +      stress * SL2 + (1 | CaregiverID)
##    Data: emotion_g_sL
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 57938
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2056 -0.5214 -0.0267  0.5434  3.4030 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups      Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  CaregiverID (Intercept) 554.6    23.55   
##  Residual                502.1    22.41   
## Number of obs: 6063, groups:  CaregiverID, 2835
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                  Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)     38.841366   1.605259  24.196
## poverty1501      0.208404   0.975614   0.214
## SL1              1.173005   0.534887   2.193
## SL2             -0.144219   0.556436  -0.259
## stress           0.261595   0.023382  11.188
## poverty1501:SL1 -0.186271   0.293187  -0.635
## poverty1501:SL2  0.850252   0.319031   2.665
## SL1:stress      -0.016390   0.008108  -2.022
## SL2:stress       0.002884   0.008571   0.336
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) pv1501 SL1    SL2    stress p1501:SL1 p1501:SL2 SL1:st
## poverty1501  0.317                                                       
## SL1          0.702  0.198                                                
## SL2         -0.706 -0.215 -0.561                                         
## stress      -0.794 -0.026 -0.584  0.614                                  
## pvr1501:SL1  0.220  0.701  0.265 -0.182 -0.015                           
## pvr1501:SL2 -0.229 -0.663 -0.171  0.330  0.021 -0.571                    
## SL1:stress  -0.577 -0.013 -0.836  0.471  0.719 -0.037     0.014          
## SL2:stress   0.564  0.017  0.452 -0.819 -0.730  0.018    -0.038    -0.558

Single Parents

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	single1	-0.17	1.28	-0.13	0.89
fixed	SL1:single1	-0.33	0.37	-0.89	0.37
fixed	single1:SL2	0.88	0.43	2.05	0.04

Differences in fussy at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.1	56.44	52.75	0.87	0.386	139.84	-4.7	12.08

Differences in fussy at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.18	57.08	51.03	1.83	0.069	133.56	-0.48	12.56

## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: fussy ~ single * SL1 + single * SL2 + stress * SL1 + stress *      SL2 + (1 | CaregiverID)
##    Data: emotion_g_sL
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 68709.6
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2188 -0.5169 -0.0222  0.5519  3.3752 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups      Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  CaregiverID (Intercept) 556.0    23.58   
##  Residual                507.2    22.52   
## Number of obs: 7179, groups:  CaregiverID, 3466
## 
## Fixed effects:
##               Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) 37.7246210  1.7074846  22.094
## single1     -0.2489677  1.2294076  -0.203
## SL1          0.6653602  0.5518163   1.206
## SL2          0.1438393  0.6004324   0.240
## stress       0.2728193  0.0216044  12.628
## single1:SL1 -0.2554624  0.3564302  -0.717
## single1:SL2  0.7120927  0.4208282   1.692
## SL1:stress  -0.0111590  0.0074971  -1.488
## SL2:stress   0.0007946  0.0079406   0.100
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) singl1 SL1    SL2    stress s1:SL1 s1:SL2 SL1:st
## single1      0.574                                                 
## SL1          0.726  0.395                                          
## SL2         -0.712 -0.406 -0.578                                   
## stress      -0.694 -0.030 -0.533  0.535                            
## single1:SL1  0.441  0.753  0.498 -0.353 -0.028                     
## single1:SL2 -0.414 -0.690 -0.326  0.594  0.027 -0.607              
## SL1:stress  -0.509 -0.023 -0.763  0.414  0.722 -0.040  0.022       
## SL2:stress   0.501  0.029  0.413 -0.714 -0.735  0.023 -0.049 -0.564

Children with disabilites

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	disability1	-12.97	2.53	-5.14	0.00
fixed	SL1:disability1	-0.76	0.75	-1.00	0.32
fixed	disability1:SL2	0.28	0.79	0.36	0.72

Differences in fussy at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
0.03	53.01	54.01	-0.25	0.806	120.72	-9.02	7.03

Differences in fussy at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.28	59.91	50.75	2.81	0.006	140.95	2.72	15.59

3+ Children

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	child31	2.06	1.03	2.00	0.05
fixed	SL1:child31	0.35	0.31	1.12	0.26
fixed	child31:SL2	0.07	0.33	0.20	0.84

Differences in fussy at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.04	54.65	53.06	0.43	0.665	210.64	-5.67	8.86

Differences in fussy at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.04	52.72	51.49	0.47	0.637	310.96	-3.91	6.38

Child Internalizing

Overall

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	(Intercept)	27.07	0.77	35.05	0.00
fixed	SL1	0.35	0.23	1.51	0.13
fixed	SL2	-0.54	0.24	-2.30	0.02

Black/African American

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	black1	-1.29	1.66	-0.78	0.44
fixed	SL1:black1	-0.55	0.47	-1.15	0.25
fixed	black1:SL2	-0.08	0.54	-0.14	0.89

Differences in fear at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.2	31.82	25.27	1.36	0.178	66.79	-3.06	16.16

Differences in fear at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
0.1	21.88	25	-0.79	0.435	72.91	-11.06	4.81

LatinX

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	latinx1	3.22	1.03	3.12	0.00
fixed	SL1:latinx1	0.04	0.32	0.13	0.89
fixed	latinx1:SL2	-0.39	0.32	-1.22	0.22

Differences in fear at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.12	28.92	25	0.94	0.348	111.11	-4.31	12.15

Differences in fear at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.09	27.15	24.27	1.02	0.307	256.48	-2.66	8.42

Poverty

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	poverty1501	0.39	0.95	0.41	0.68
fixed	SL1:poverty1501	-0.56	0.28	-2.02	0.04
fixed	poverty1501:SL2	0.56	0.30	1.89	0.06

Differences in fear at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.14	27.36	22.79	1.42	0.157	302.61	-1.77	10.91

Differences in fear at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.2	29.33	22.95	2.41	0.017	329.96	1.17	11.59

Single Parents

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	single1	0.57	1.20	0.47	0.63
fixed	SL1:single1	-0.71	0.34	-2.08	0.04
fixed	single1:SL2	0.58	0.39	1.48	0.14

Differences in fear at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.23	32	24.53	1.94	0.055	141.81	-0.16	15.1

Differences in fear at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.17	29.72	24.2	1.61	0.111	128.61	-1.28	12.33

Children with disabilites

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	disability1	-14.90	2.36	-6.30	0.00
fixed	SL1:disability1	1.63	0.70	2.34	0.02
fixed	disability1:SL2	0.75	0.73	1.04	0.30

Differences in fear at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.61	42.95	23.07	4.8	0	103.29	11.67	28.09

Differences in fear at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.36	35.14	23.58	3.45	0.001	136.32	4.93	18.18

## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: fear ~ disability * SL1 + disability * SL2 + stress * SL1 + stress *      SL2 + (1 | CaregiverID)
##    Data: emotion_g_sL
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 67096.1
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.5316 -0.4879 -0.1543  0.4246  4.4226 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups      Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  CaregiverID (Intercept) 555.7    23.57   
##  Residual                417.6    20.44   
## Number of obs: 7112, groups:  CaregiverID, 3419
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                   Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)      25.820627   2.458662  10.502
## disability1     -13.230378   2.290246  -5.777
## SL1              -0.815266   0.781586  -1.043
## SL2              -0.969789   0.794403  -1.221
## stress            0.237412   0.020047  11.843
## disability1:SL1   1.390306   0.688350   2.020
## disability1:SL2   0.838901   0.718427   1.168
## SL1:stress        0.003097   0.007044   0.440
## SL2:stress       -0.002379   0.007314  -0.325
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) dsblt1 SL1    SL2    stress d1:SL1 d1:SL2 SL1:st
## disability1 -0.848                                                 
## SL1          0.663 -0.532                                          
## SL2         -0.651  0.522 -0.537                                   
## stress      -0.489  0.065 -0.386  0.398                            
## dsblty1:SL1 -0.565  0.660 -0.820  0.448  0.061                     
## dsblty1:SL2  0.534 -0.627  0.431 -0.829 -0.049 -0.534              
## SL1:stress  -0.354  0.048 -0.574  0.309  0.712  0.104 -0.041       
## SL2:stress   0.347 -0.047  0.303 -0.532 -0.730 -0.052  0.069 -0.557

3+ Children

effect	term	estimate	std.error	statistic	pvalue
fixed	child31	2.43	0.97	2.50	0.01
fixed	SL1:child31	-0.20	0.29	-0.68	0.50
fixed	child31:SL2	-0.18	0.30	-0.60	0.55

Differences in fear at Week 1
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.22	31.6	24.19	2.1	0.037	194.99	0.44	14.38

Differences in fear at Week 10
Cohen’s D	Everyone Else	Group	t-statistic	p-value	df	Conf.Low	Conf.High
-0.11	27.48	24.13	1.28	0.201	300.22	-1.79	8.49

Comparing change

No modeling

Overall

Black/African American

Latinx

Poverty

Single Parents

Children with disabilites

3+ Children

Grouping

This group represents the combination of Black, low income, and single caregivers.

Charting the curve

Representativeness disclaimer

Information about mediators

Descriptives

Spline models

Anxiety

Overall

Black/African American

Can we explain this difference?

LatinX

Poverty

Single Parents

Children with disabilites

Can we explain this difference?

3+ Children

Depression

Overall

Black/African American

Can we explain this difference?

LatinX

Poverty

Single Parents

Children with disabilites

Can we explain this difference?

3+ Children

Stress

Overall

Black/African American

Can we explain this difference?

LatinX

Poverty

Single Parents

Children with disabilites

3+ Children

Loneliness

Overall

Black/African American

LatinX

Poverty

Single Parents

Children with disabilites

Can we explain this difference?

3+ Children

Child Externalizing

Overall

Black/African American

LatinX

Poverty

Single Parents

Children with disabilites

3+ Children

Child Internalizing

Overall

Black/African American

LatinX

Poverty

Single Parents

Children with disabilites

3+ Children

Comparing change

No modeling

Overall

Black/African American

Latinx

Poverty

Single Parents

Children with disabilites

3+ Children

Grouping